Eleven systems.
Honest tradeoffs.
Every storage system buys you something and costs you something else. Density costs selectivity. Selectivity costs cube. We publish both sides so the decision is made before steel is ordered — not after.
Density and selectivity pull against each other
Density is how many pallets fit in a given footprint. Selectivity is how many of those pallets you can reach right now, without moving another one. No system scores five on both — and any vendor who tells you otherwise is selling, not specifying.
Start with SKU count
A few SKUs in large volume wants deep lanes. Many SKUs in small volume wants selective positions. Most buildings need both, in different zones.
Then decide flow
LIFO is fine for non-perishable, non-dated stock. Dated or lot-controlled product needs FIFO, and that narrows the list quickly.
Then look up
Most conventional buildings waste the cube above lift-truck reach height. That unused air is usually the cheapest capacity available to you.
Pallet rack systems
01SELECTIVESingle-Deep Select Rack
The baseline. Every pallet is directly accessible, and the cost per position is the lowest of any system we sell.
- Lane depth
- 1 deep
- 100% SKU selection
- Low cost per pallet position
- Easy to configure and reconfigure
- Flexible slotting design
- Lowest storage density of any system — aisles consume the majority of the footprint
- Cube utilization is limited by lift-truck reach, not by building height
Best forHigh turnover, high SKU count, quick access.
02LIFOTwo Deep Select Rack
The cheapest way to add positions to an existing building. It buys density with a handling step.
- Lane depth
- 2 deep
- Roughly 50% increase in pallet positions
- Low initial capital investment
- Uses existing conventional rack logic
- Poor visibility of loads in the rear position
- Lack of visibility can lead to product and rack damage
- An additional handling step is required to reach the rear pallet
- Storing and retrieving the rear pallet at height can be challenging
- Last In / First Out only
Best forMultiple pallets per SKU where date rotation is not critical.
03LIFOPushback Rack
Cart-and-rail density that still picks like selective rack at the bottom level. Improves existing storage density by up to 65%.
- Lane depth
- 2–6 deep
- Improves existing storage density up to 65%
- High selectivity for a high-density system
- Ideal for fast-moving SKUs
- Efficient bottom-level case picking
- Reduces rack damage versus drive-in
- Last In / First Out only
- Each lane should hold a single SKU to stay efficient
- Higher cost per position than selective rack
Best forFood and beverage distribution, 3PLs, pharmaceutical, manufacturing.
04MIXEDDeep Lane Storage
Pallets are stored and retrieved by a shuttle inside the lane, so lane depth is no longer limited by a forklift's reach.
- Lane depth
- Unlimited
- Maximum utilization of cube
- Low operating cost
- Pallets stored and retrieved by pallet shuttle
- LIFO and FIFO possible in the same installation
- Selectivity drops as lanes get deeper — best with one SKU per lane
- Requires a shuttle and an operator or crane to reposition it between lanes
Best forSmall SKU counts and large volumes. Food, beverage, cold storage.
05FIFOPallet Flow Rack
Gravity-fed FIFO. Excellent rotation and throughput, and the most maintenance-intensive system on this page.
- Lane depth
- Multi-deep
- True FIFO rotation
- High density
- Efficient picking and unloading
- Immediate access to product at the pick face
- High cost per pallet position
- Requires consistently good pallet quality
- Many moving parts — likely the most intensive maintenance requirement of any system here
- Limits SKU count
- Limits selectivity
Best forDate-sensitive product with a small number of high-volume SKUs.
06MIXEDPick Tunnel Rack
Separates picking from storage by putting reserve product directly above the pick aisle.
- Lane depth
- Varies by reserve system
- High volume, single-level picking operations
- Reserve product stored over the picking aisle
- Reserve held in pushback, pallet flow, or 2-deep select rack
- Minimal movement of reserve product
- Separates picking and storage
- High throughput
- More complex to design and slot than a single system
- Replenishment discipline is required or the pick face starves
Best forHigh-volume case pick operations with dense reserve above.
07LIFODrive-In Rack
The lowest-cost route to high density, and the least forgiving system we sell. We will tell you when it is wrong.
- Lane depth
- Multi-deep
- High-density pallet storage
- Low cost versus other high-density systems
- Configurable with pushback rack above
- Inflexible — does not accommodate SKU increases
- Low productivity; the lift truck enters the structure
- Requires standardized pallets
- Real risk of rack and product damage
- Last In / First Out only
- Not recommended for time-sensitive SKUs
Best forVery few SKUs, very high volume, stable product profile.
08FIFOCase Flow Rack
Gravity case picking at the face. Stands alone or drops into a larger rack structure or pick module.
- Lane depth
- Case-deep lanes
- FIFO at the case level
- Gravity-based — no power required
- Ideal for case and order picking
- Stand-alone or integrated into rack structure and pick modules
- Multiple roller types available (wheel rail, full-width conveyor rollers)
- Requires steady replenishment labor behind the pick face
- Carton quality and consistency drive reliability
Best forEach and case picking at a dense, ergonomic pick face.
09MIXEDClad Rack Warehouse
The rack becomes the building. Walls and roof hang off the storage structure, so there are no interior columns.
- Lane depth
- Per system
- Turnkey solution
- Integrates directly with AS/RS
- Eliminates building columns
- Maximum storage density
- Uses height, not land mass
- Most economical solution per position at scale
- The structure and the storage system are one decision — reconfiguring later is a construction project
- Requires site permitting and a longer lead time than rack inside an existing shell
Best forNew high-density facilities where land cost is the constraint.
10MIXEDHigh-Bay Rack
Single, double and multi-deep configurations up to 150 feet tall.
- Lane depth
- 1–multi deep
- Single, double and multi-deep configurations
- Up to 150 feet in height
- Maximum cube from the smallest possible footprint
- Requires special arrangements and procedures to hold tolerances in manufacturing and assembly
- Floor flatness and structural tolerances become critical path items
Best forCube-constrained sites and fully automated crane or shuttle systems.
11MIXEDMini-Load Rack
Tote and carton storage for automated small-parts handling and goods-to-person picking.
- Lane depth
- Single or multi-deep
- Designed for totes, cartons and trays rather than pallets
- Integrates with mini-load AS/RS and goods-to-person stations
- Very high density for small-parts inventory
- High selectivity at the each and case level
- Container standardization is mandatory
- Not suitable for pallet-level storage or irregular loads
Best forE-commerce, spare parts, high-SKU small-item fulfilment.
Send us your SKU profile
Give us pallet counts, SKU count, throughput targets and your building dimensions. We will come back with the two or three systems that actually fit — and tell you which of them we would not recommend for your operation.